Monday, 6 April 2015

The 7 Basic Principles of IT Security

The 7 Basic Principles of IT
Security::-

Takeaway: IT professionals use best practices to
keep corporate, government and other
organizations' systems safe.
Security is a constant worry
when it comes to information
technology . Data theft,
hacking, malware and a host
of other threats are enough
to keep any IT professional
up at night. In this article,
we’ll look at the basic
principles and best practices that IT professionals
use to keep their systems safe.
The Goal of Information Security
Information security follows three overarching
principles:
Confidentiality: This means that information is
only being seen or used by people who are
authorized to access it.
Integrity: This means that any changes to the
information by an unauthorized user are
impossible (or at least detected), and changes
by authorized users are tracked.
Availability: This means that the information is
accessible when authorized users need it.
So, armed with these higher-level principles, IT
security specialists have come up with best
practices to help organizations ensure that their
information stays safe.
IT Security Best Practices
There are many best practices in IT security that
are specific to certain industries or businesses, but
some apply broadly.
1. Balance Protection With Utility
Computers in an office could be completely
protected if all the modems were torn out and
everyone was kicked out of the room - but then
they wouldn’t be of use to anyone. This is why
one of the biggest challenges in IT security is
finding a balance between resource availability
and the confidentiality and integrity of the
resources.
Rather than trying to protect against all kinds
of threats, most IT departments focus on
insulating the most vital systems first and then
finding acceptable ways to protect the rest
without making them useless. Some of the
lower-priority systems may be candidates for
automated analysis, so that the most important
systems remain the focus.
2. Split up the Users and Resources
For an information security system to work, it
must know who is allowed to see and do
particular things. Someone in accounting, for
example, doesn’t need to see all the names in a
client database, but he might need to see the
figures coming out of sales. This means that a
system administrator needs to assign access by
a person’s job type, and may need to further
refine those limits according to organizational
separations. This will ensure that the chief
financial officer will ideally be able to access
more data and resources than a junior
accountant.
That said, rank doesn’t mean full access. A
company's CEO may need to see more data than
other individuals, but he doesn’t automatically
need full access to the system. This brings us to
the next point.
3. Assign Minimum Privileges
An individual should be assigned the minimum
privileges needed to carry out his or her
responsibilities. If a person’s responsibilities
change, so will the privileges. Assigning minimum
privileges reduces the chances that Joe from
design will walk out the door with all the
marketing data.
4. Use Independent Defenses
This is a military principle as much as an IT
security one. Using one really good defense,
such as authentication protocols, is only good
until someone breaches it. When several
independent defenses are employed, an
attacker must use several different strategies
to get through them. Introducing this type of
complexity doesn’t provide 100 percent
protection against attacks, but it does reduce
the chances of a successful attack.
5. Plan for Failure
Planning for failure will help minimize its actual
consequences should it occur. Having backup
systems in place beforehand allows the IT
department to constantly monitor security
measures and react quickly to a breach. If the
breach is not serious, the business or
organization can keep operating on backup while
the problem is addressed. IT security is as much
about limiting the damage from breaches as it
is about preventing them.
6. Record, Record, Record
Ideally, a security system will never be
breached, but when a security breach does take
place, the event should be recorded. In fact, IT
staff often record as much as they can, even
when a breach isn't happening. Sometimes the
causes of breaches aren’t apparent after the
fact, so it's important to have data to track
backwards. Data from breaches will eventually
help to improve the system and prevent future
attacks - even if it doesn’t initially make sense.
7. Run Frequent Tests
Hackers are constantly improving their craft,
which means information security must evolve to
keep up. IT professionals run tests, conduct risk
assessments, reread the disaster recovery plan,
check the business continuity plan in case of
attack, and then do it all over again.
The Takeaway
IT security is a challenging job that requires
attention to detail at the same time as it demands
a higher-level awareness. However, like many tasks
that seem complex at first glance, IT security can
be broken down in to basic steps that can simplify
the process. That’s not to say it makes things
easy, but it does keep IT professionals on their
toes.

 Netizen Kondaba

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